An article from bloomberg news says U.S. regulators are investigating whether investors manipulated end-of-day stock prices to avoid being forced by their brokers to sell holdings.
These gaps, which caused the Dow Jones Industrial Average to swing as much as 104 points this month in the final minute of trading, suggest investment firms faced with client redemptions and plunging markets may be gaming the closing-auction system. The discrepancies spurred the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, which oversees 5,000 brokerages, to look for evidence that investors are improperly swaying prices. The final minute of stock trading is the busiest at U.S. exchanges after the open. The NYSE and Nasdaq Stock Market hold special auctions that intensify 20 minutes before the 4 p.m. close to collect orders and smooth out price changes. Nasdaq tells brokers as frequently as every 5 seconds whether there are more buyers than sellers and broadcasts a likely range for the closing price. At the NYSE, traders known as specialists manage the process.
Brokers are barred from canceling orders as the auction approaches. Still, traders could send small buy orders leading up to the close to prop up the price, only to place a larger sell order in the final trade.
``If you push the price up by buying 100 shares to sell 10,000, the people who get hurt are the ones who buy at an inflated price,'' said John Coffee, a securities law professor at Columbia University in New York.
``If markets are declining, people are going to try to mark up the close,'' said Thomas Gira, executive vice president for market regulation at Finra in Washington. ``We want to make sure that closing prices are not artificial prices.''
Closing prices are often used as benchmarks to value the collateral a client has set aside to guarantee a loan to invest in stock. They also influence the settlement of options and futures contracts, executive pay and the price of takeovers. Funds that track benchmark stock indexes typically rely on the exchange's closing auctions to complete trades.
Hedge funds are liquidating to meet redemptions and some stocks are being sold on a distressed basis to meet margin calls.
Tracking the Dow on Monday.20/10/08.
9:30am:--Bullish open from overnight level.
Instant gap-up being filled.There were additional moves to shore up the financial system by overseas countries.
10:30am:--Double Hammer.(Ben & Paul)
Fed Chairman Bernanke is scheduled to testify before the House Budget Committee on the economic outlook and financial markets at 10:00 AM ET. Treasury Secretary Paulson will talk about the government's plan to buy bank capital at 11:30 AM ET.
11:30am:--Double Bottom.
Government's capital purchase program, Paulson said all eligible banks are encouraged to apply by the Nov. 14 deadline. The equity stakes that the government purchases will be Tier 1 capital for the banks.
12:30pm:--Sideway index hoovering near high.
Fed Chairman Bernanke indicating his support of a second fiscal stimulus.
1:30pm:--Bulls & bears fighting at the peak.
Meanwhile, crude oil prices bounce to session highs, now up 4.2% to $74.97 per barrel.
2:30pm:--Pullback with a bullish harami.
Stocks trade modestly below session highs in mostly broad-based strength.
3:30pm:--The doji captain spinning at high.
September leading indicators rose 0.3%, although August's decline of 0.5% was widened to 0.9%.
4:00pm:--Unshaven ascending bulls.
Late buying to jeck up price for profit taking.
Thursday is a sign of hammering out a bottom.Friday's volatility was held strongly within the upper bears county.The bullish harami is a sign of recovery completing the last day of parade of the October 18,1997 black Monday crash.
A cleverly manipulated market by Paulson and his cronies.
Robbing Peter to pay Paul.
You'll be surprise Goldman Sachs,Paulson's former company as CEO,was left unscathed in this financial collapse but not Bear Stearns,lehman Bros etc.Sooner he's going to use this platform to monopolise and dictate the terms for the financial industry.He preached one thing and practise another.A cunning fox.